Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) offers a Master’s degree in Political Science (MPS) to help students explore the world of politics and gain a deeper understanding of political theories and practices. As part of this program, students must complete various assignments and exams, including Unit 19: Lukacs, Gramsci, and the Frankfurt School.

This unit delves into the works of three influential philosophers of the 20th century – Georg Lukacs, Antonio Gramsci, and the Frankfurt School. The unit examines their contributions to critical theory and how they transformed the way we think about culture, politics, and society.

If you are an MPS student struggling to find answers to the questions in Unit 19, this article is for you. In this article, we will provide comprehensive solutions to the questions provided in Unit 19, including an in-depth analysis of Lukacs, Gramsci, and the Frankfurt School. By the end of this article, you will have a solid grasp of the theories of these philosophers and be able to answer the questions with confidence.